The Science Behind Rising Sea Levels
A deeper look at the science of rising seas, from ocean heat and steric expansion to land ice loss, tide gauges, satellite altimetry, geodesy, uncertainty, and future models.
Understanding a Changing Planet
A deeper look at the science of rising seas, from ocean heat and steric expansion to land ice loss, tide gauges, satellite altimetry, geodesy, uncertainty, and future models.
Sea level rise is the increasing height of the ocean relative to land, driven by warming water and melting land ice. It matters because it affects homes, roads, water, ecosystems, insurance, and the long-term planning choices communities make.
Global sea level is rising by millimeters each year, but the pace is accelerating and compounding into inches that matter for coastal flooding, infrastructure, insurance, and long-term planning.
Sea level rise is global, but it is not uniform. Warming oceans, melting land ice, land movement, gravity, currents, and local geology all shape how fast water rises along different coasts.
A simple guide to sea level rise, why it happens, why a few inches can matter, and how higher oceans affect tides, storms, beaches, wetlands, and coastal communities.
A complete causal guide to sea level rise, including thermal expansion, melting land ice, groundwater use, land subsidence, regional ocean dynamics, tides, storm surge, and why floating sea ice is different.
A beginner-friendly guide to global temperature shifts, how they are measured, what causes them, and why long-term temperature patterns matter for people and ecosystems.
A deep-time tour of Earth’s changing temperatures, from greenhouse worlds and icehouse eras to Holocene stability and today’s industrial-era acceleration.
Global temperature shifts are caused by changes in Earth’s energy balance, including greenhouse gases, aerosols, land cover, albedo, ocean heat uptake, feedbacks, and natural drivers.
Earth has moved through hot greenhouse worlds, ice ages, and recent human-driven warming. The key is not only how much temperature changed, but how fast it is changing now.
A beginner-friendly guide to global temperature shifts, using everyday comparisons to explain averages, heat balance, weather, seasons, oceans, ice, and practical ways to understand the changes.
A clear explanation of why Earth’s temperature is changing, centered on energy balance, greenhouse gases, aerosols, land use, oceans, volcanoes, solar influence, and feedbacks.